Jan-Martin Lowendahl, Ph.D. (chemistry), is a research director in Gartner Research, where his research area is mainly higher education governance, strategy and emerging trends. The methodologies for strategic planning and frameworks for governance are especially focused on stakeholder communication and are also used in several other sectors with a high percentage of knowledge workers or end users with large and complex consumption of IT-related services. Such organizations include R&D organizations, public-sector organizations, as well as primary and secondary education institutions. Specific technology coverage includes identity and access management, learning technologies, as well as administrative and academic systems in higher education. Based in Europe, he has a special interest in European higher-education issues, such as the Bologna Process.